When it comes to religious holiday observances, from a Jewish or Christian perspective, we, Jews and Christians, must find out for sure, as in all matters of faith, whether our God still requires the observances of the holidays that Moses commanded. Of course, a Jew who does not believe in Jesus will still keep the holidays of Moses. Even so, can the Jews still keep the Mosaic holidays?
First, let it be known for the Christians that there are no New Testament holidays that Jesus or the Apostles require us to keep. None. Even Easter is not a Christian holiday because neither Jesus nor the Apostles enjoin the Christians to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus. Besides, who can declare that something is Christian or Jewish? The answer is straightforwards for the Jews but for the Christians, only the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles are Christian. If you know of any Christian holiday, that holiday is not biblical. Those Christian holidays must be the commands of men (Mark 7:7).
There is only one observance that Jesus Himself required Christians to keep: the breaking of the bread and the drinking of fermented wine to commemorate His death.
Luke 22:15-20 Darby
(15) And he said to them, With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.
(16) For I say unto you, that I will not eat any more at all of it until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
(17) And having received a cup, when he had given thanks he said, Take this and divide it among yourselves.
(18) For I say unto you, that I will not drink at all of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God come.
(19) And having taken a loaf, when he had given thanks, he broke it , and gave it to them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.
(20) In like manner also the cup, after having supped, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.
What about the holidays that God commanded through Moses?
The Mosaic Jewish holidays are found in Leviticus 23:1-44 (LITV)
And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying,
(2) Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them, The appointed feasts of Jehovah which you shall proclaim, holy gatherings, shall be these: These are My appointed seasons:
The Sabbath
(3) Work is to be done six days, and in the seventh day shall be a sabbath of rest, a holy gathering; you shall do no work; it is a sabbath to Jehovah in all your dwellings.
The Passover
(4) These are appointed seasons of Jehovah, holy gatherings which you shall proclaim in their appointed seasons: (5) In the first month, on the fourteenth of the month, between the evenings is the Passover to Jehovah. (6) And on the fifteenth of this month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to Jehovah; you shall eat unleavened things seven days. (7) On the first day you shall have a holy gathering; you shall do no work of service; (8) and you shall bring near a fire offering to Jehovah seven days; and the seventh day shall be a holy gathering; you shall do no work of service.
The Feast of Firstfruits
(9) And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying, (10) Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them, When you come in to the land which I am giving to you, and have reaped its harvest, and have brought in the sheaf, or the beginning of your harvest, to the priest, (11) then he shall wave the sheaf before Jehovah for your acceptance; on the morrow of the sabbath the priest shall wave it. (12) And you shall prepare a lamb in the day you wave the sheaf, one without blemish, a son of a year, for a burnt offering to Jehovah. (13) And its food offering shall be two tenths part of flour mixed with oil, a fire offering to Jehovah, a sweet fragrance; and its drink offering, a fourth of a hin of wine. (14) And you shall not eat bread, nor roasted grain, nor fresh ears, until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God; it is a never ending statute throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
The Feast of Weeks
(15) And you shall number to you from the next day after the sabbath, from the day you bring in the sheaf of the wave offering; they shall be seven complete sabbaths; (16) the next day after the seventh sabbath, you shall number fifty days; and you shall bring near a new food offering to Jehovah; (17) you shall bring in bread out of your dwellings for a wave offering, two loaves; they shall be of two tenth ephah of flour; they shall be baked with leaven; firstfruits to Jehovah (18) And besides the bread, you shall offer seven lambs, without blemish, sons of a year, and one bull, a son of the herd, and two rams; they are a burnt offering to Jehovah, with their food offering and their drink offerings, a fire offering of soothing fragrance to Jehovah. (19) And you shall offer one he-goat for a sin offering, and two lambs, sons of a year, for a sacrifice of peace offerings. (20) And the priest shall wave them, besides the bread of the firstfruits, a wave offering before Jehovah, besides the two lambs; they are holy to Jehovah for the priest. (21) And you shall make a proclamation on this same day; it is a holy gathering to you. You shall do no work of service. It is a never ending statute in all your dwellings throughout your generations. (22) And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not completely reap the corner of your field, nor shall you gather the gleaning of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor, and for the alien: I am Jehovah your God.
The Feast of Trumpets
(23) And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying, (24) Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first of the month, a sabbath shall be to you, a call to a memorial, a holy gathering. (25) You shall do no work of service and you shall bring a fire offering to Jehovah.
The Day of Atonement
(26) And Jehovah spoke to Moses saying, (27) Also, on the tenth of this seventh month shall be a day of atonement; there shall be a holy gathering, and you shall humble your souls and shall bring a fire offering to Jehovah. (28) And you shall do no work in this same day, for it is a day of atonement, to atone for you before Jehovah your God. (29) For any person who is not humbled in this same day shall be cut off from his people. (30) And any person who does any work in this same day, I shall even destroy that person from the midst of his people. (31) You shall do no work; it is a never ending statute throughout your generations, in all your dwellings. (32) It is a sabbath of rest to you, and you shall humble your souls in the ninth of the month at evening; from evening until evening you shall keep your sabbath.
The Feast of Booths
(33) And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying, (34) Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, In the fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be a Feast of Booths seven days to Jehovah. (35) On the first day shall be a holy gathering; you shall do no work of service. (36) Seven days you shall bring a fire offering to Jehovah; on the eighth day you shall have a holy gathering; and you shall bring the fire offering to Jehovah; it is a solemn assembly; you shall do no work of service.
(37) These are the set feasts of Jehovah which you shall proclaim, holy gatherings, to bring a fire offering to Jehovah, a burnt offering, and a food offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, the thing of a day on its own day; (38) besides the sabbaths of Jehovah, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings which you shall give to Jehovah.
The Feast of Ingathering for native Israelite only
(39) Also, in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather the increase of the land, you shall keep the feast of Jehovah seven days; on the first day a sabbath, and on the eighth day a sabbath. (40) And you shall take to yourselves on the first day the fruit of majestic trees, palm branches, and boughs of oak trees, and willows of the valley, and shall rejoice before Jehovah your God seven days. (41) And you shall keep a feast to Jehovah, seven days in a year, a never ending statute throughout your generations; in the seventh month you shall keep it. (42) You shall live in booths seven days; all who are native in Israel shall live in booths, (43) so that your generations shall know that I caused the sons of Israel to live in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt; I am Jehovah your God.
(44) And Moses proclaimed the appointed feasts of Jehovah to the sons of Israel.
If you are paying attention you should notice that even the Sabbath is included as a feast, festival, or holiday because a holy gathering is called on the Sabbath day. Furthermore, note that unlike the Sabbath day, those feasts are specifically tied to Israel with the Temple standing with a Priest officiating in it to offer the required offerings and sacrifices.
Why is the Temple a requirement for the feasts?
Again, because a priest must conduct ceremonies to offer the ordained sacrifices, which only a priest is allowed to do, and there is also a holy gathering in the Temple.
So, except for the recurring weekly Sabbath, none of the Mosaic feast or festival or holiday is binding today because there is no venue to faithfully carry out the services as mandated in the Law of Moses, not today, not tomorrow, not ever. Besides, with Jesus, sacrifices had been accomplished and done with once and for all.
The question that remains concerns the timing of the breaking of the bread and the drinking of the fermented wine: should we do it only at the Jewish calculated Passover date of the year or at any times (plural) in the year?
Bible Study - My Judeo-Christian-Altered Mind 